B) an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. Discrimination is a behavior bias against a person (or group) based on stereotyped beliefs about that group. Common stereotypes of people from all sorts of categories and occupations turn out to classify them along these two dimensions (see Figure 1). C) Having an unreasonable fear of those who are different from you. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias: just-world phenomenon She goes against the common idea of older adults as being weak or unhealthy. Sons are more valued than daughters. The tendency to favor ones own cultural group over other groups is known as A) Expert Help. This best illustrates: This reaction is best explained in terms of. However, to justify preferential treatment, people often exaggerate the differences between their in-group and an outgroup. the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet. We might feel affinity toward people from our home town, a connection with those who attend our university, or commiserate with the experience of people who share our gender identity, religion, or ethnicity. Where slavery was practiced, prejudice ran strong. Here, it is because this outgroup member brings in values or beliefs that the person high in RWA disagrees with, thus threatening the collective values of his or her group. Greenwald, A. G., Banaji, M. R., Rudman, L. A., Farnham, S. D., Nosek, B. just-world phenomenon Intergroup relations. What connection has been found in experiments exploring self-image and prejudice? As the world becomes more interconnectedmore collaborations between countries, more intermarrying between different groupsmore and more people are encountering greater diversity of others in everyday life. For example, rich people are often viewed as competent but cold. There are also lots of stereotypes regarding each race. HLT. (2020). Just that morning, a court officer had confiscated a juror's copy of The New York Post with the case on the cover. 12.2 Ingroup Favoritism and Prejudice - Principles of Social Psychology Around nine-in-ten Americans favor some form of marijuana legalization, according to an April 2021 Pew Research Center survey.An overwhelming majority of U.S. adults (91%) say either that marijuana should be legal for medical and recreational use (60%) or that it should be legal for medical use only (31%).Just 8% say the drug should not be legal in any form. Not all stereotypes of outgroups are all bad. A loss of self-awareness and self-restraint in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. They have relatively low levels of serotonin and high levels of testosterone. 97 terms. The theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation (external) or the person's disposition (internal). Scapegoat Theory: . His increasing hostility can best be explained in terms of, In laboratory experiments, merely observing someone receive painful electric shocks leads viewers to think less of the victim. Desirable? Also called the cross-race effct and the own-race . Spontaneously, people categorize people into groups just as we categorize furniture or food into one type or another. a. Chinese people tend to look pretty much alike. Question 1 2 out of 2 points A tendency to favor one's own group is called: Selected Answer: Response Feedback: ingroup bias. Another case in which people judge other members of the ingroup very negatively occurs when a member of one's own group behaves in a . Model: Je vais visiter\ldots Je vais voir\ldots Je vais (faire)\ldots, Search words: myswitzerland.com: une histoire d'eau People higher on SDO tend to choose and thrive in occupations that maintain existing group hierarchies (police, prosecutors, business), compared to those lower in SDO, who tend to pick more equalizing occupations (social work, public defense, psychology). unconsciously mimicking others expressions, postures, and voice tones to help us feel what they are feeling, tendency to believe that something is true simply because it has been repeated many times, the tendency for people to take personal credit for success but blame failure on external factors. When she gets home in the evening, she criticizes her friend's choice of restaurant for dinner. The tendency of people to believe that one gets what one deserves and deserves what one gets is called: In Harber's (1998) study, poorly written essays received high ratings if participants were led to believe they were written by Black students rather than White students. c. animals can be bred for aggressiveness. d. neural influences contribute to aggressive behavior in men but not in women. In order for a transaction to be recorded in a business accounting records, the effects of the transaction must be faithfully represented. chapter_12 - CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. The tendency to You are Black, and you have difficulty recognizing the White customers who were in your store during a robbery. Despite its name, though, RWA is not necessarily limited to people on the right (conservatives). Solved The tendency to favor an idea, person, or thing over - Chegg What Is Outgroup Bias? | Definition & Examples c. They have relatively low levels of serotonin and low levels of testosterone. In terms of basic social categories, the members of Nestor's cross-country ski club are the _____ and the members of the downhill ski club are the _____. Quia - AP Psychology Ch.16 Social tendency. Most people also identify as members of certain groups but not others. We identify o We compare Ingroup bias o Tendency to favor ones own group o. Social Psychology Flashcards | Quizlet Indicate the amount of expenses (if any) the firm recognizes during the months of June, July, and August in each of the following hypothetical transactions. Consequently, the girls in his class become apprehensive when preparing and giving speeches in his class. At the time it was written, however, women and minorities (especially enslaved people) were not included in this sentiment. Ingroup bias is the tendency to favor and support individuals who belong to groups we identify with. Armstrong Publishing had 25% of its sales in mysteries, 10% in biographies, 15% in cookbooks, 15% in romance novels, 20% in science, and the rest in business books. Examined the impact of conformity with his famous Line Perception experiment. chp 9 psych Flashcards | Quizlet This effect has been researched by many psychologists and linked to many theories related to group . This is an example of: individuals sometimes perform poorly when apprehensive about being stereotyped. Mr. Wong, a high school teacher, tells his class that he thinks boys tend to be less anxious and, thus, give better speeches than girls. Pablo and Sabina's failure to resolve their argument for their mutual benefit illustrates a failure to develop. (1998). 33. maxxa+ysubjecttopx+y=m. Which of the following statements is likely to be true of Bill? When it comes time to categorize ice cream as good or bad, you may still categorize it as good, but you will likely be a little slowerperhaps even fractions of a second slower-- in arriving at this judgment. This sends subtle cues to the applicant that she is not being taken seriously, is not a good fit for the job, or is not likely to get hired. This behavior is best explained in terms of: Your textbook defines _____ as a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people. The principle that frustrationthe blocking of an attempt to achieve some goalcreates anger, which can generate aggression. In-group favouritism and out-group discrimination in naturally - PLOS Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: III. Comparisons of identical and fraternal twins highlight the impact of ________ on aggression. His action is best explained in terms of the, Aggression-replacement programs are most likely to advise parents to avoid, In contrast to watching violence on television, participating in violent video games involves, The mere exposure effect refers to the fact that people. This can be expressed in evaluation of others, in allocation of resources, and in many other ways. Most people have a positive view of themselves. model of love based on three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment; several types of love exist, depending on the presence or absence of each of these components. For example, authoritarian leaders tend to allocate more national resources to members of their own tribe, religious sect, or political party. Categories . Consider the utility maximization problem, maxxa+ysubjecttopx+y=m\max x^a+y \quad \text { subject to } p x+y=m Conserves physiological arousal and excitement. For instance, Margaret might not be typical (or stereotypical) of an 80-year-old in that she regularly competes in organized half-marathons. C) more readily comply with a large request if they previously complied with a small request. She is a skydiver as well as a tennis player. An example of the fundamental attribution error is illustrated in our tendency to underestimate the extent to which others' behavior is influenced by: Politicians who publicly oppose a tax increase that they privately favor best illustrate that, That actions may sometimes be inconsistent with attitudes, The impact of our actions on our attitudes is best illustrated by, The set of prescribed behaviors associated with a particular social position is best described as, Philip Zimbardo devised a simulated prison and randomly assigned college students to serve as prisoners or guards. The tendency to recall faces of one's own face more accurately than faces of other races. c. animals can be bred for aggressiveness. Take the IAT. the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet. a. The results from research using the IAT are consistent with social identity theory. After meeting Kim, who has a 4.0 GPA and volunteers 20 hours each week to help disabled children, Beth says "Well, Kim is an exception to the rule." An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them. It turns out, however, that peoples reaction time on the IAT predicts actual feelings about out-group members, decisions about them, and behavior towardthem, especially nonverbal behavior (Greenwald, Poehlman, Uhlmann, & Banaji, 2009). The tendency to ignore information about general principles in favor of very specific but vivid information. A belief that leads to its own fulfillment. (Mob Mentality), The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group. ch 9 quiz Flashcards | Quizlet Solved ________ is a tendency to favor one's own group. | Chegg.com She tends to overpraise his achievements in order to avoid appearing biased. According to Milgram, the most fundamental lesson to be learned from his study of obedience is that. where all constants are positive, a(0,1)a \in(0,1)a(0,1). An allocator divides a large sum of money among three groups of around 20 recipients each and also to themselves. Outgroup bias is the tendency to dislike or belittle members of groups that we don't identify with. e. Essentialism. Social dominance orientation (SDO) describes a belief that group hierarchies are inevitable in all societies and are even a good idea to maintain order and stability (Sidanius & Pratto, 1999). CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. These small interactions can have devastating effects on the hopeful interviewees ability to perform well (Word, Zanna, & Cooper, 1974). Like SDO, there does appear to be an association between this ideology (i.e. b. there is no physiological basis for aggression in humans. Greenwald, A. G., Poehlman, T. A., Uhlmann, E. L., & Banaji, M. R. (2009). Prejudice, Discrimination, and Stereotyping | Noba Some group stereotypes are mixed, high on one dimension and low on the other. : Men are more intelligent. The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined. Being aware of our own tendency to fixate on the negative is also important. Groupthink: . View quiz 5 psych 312.docx from PSYCH 312 at Liberty University. HLT 1353. chapter_12_answers - CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. What does the term multicultural mean? Psychology questions and answers. python 3d scatter plot with labels; We identify o we compare ingroup bias o tendency to. However, imagine if every time you ate ice cream, you got a brain freeze. Microaggressions are often subtle so that makes them easy to shake off. d. vivid cases. Then create a word search puzzle using the sentences-without the word as clues. "teachers" were deceived and frequently subjected to severe stress. An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship. Explaining behaviors based on a person's characteristics; traits, maturity, etc. What is NOT a reason why watching media violence have negative consequences. What roles do the evoked set, inert set, and inept set take part in a consumer's information search? The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives. d. They have relatively high levels of serotonin and high levels of testosterone. a. more; less A simple way to understand these mixed feelings, across a variety of groups, results from the Stereotype Content Model shows that social groups are viewed according to their perceived warmth and competence. Aggression Make a truth table for the below given statement. This is best illustrated in studies of, Prejudice is most likely to develop as a way of justifying, Most children believe their school is better than the other schools in town. b. the mere exposure effect. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. Liking yourself and the groups to which you belong is natural. self-fulfilling. a. This illustrates, Adjusting one's behavior or thinking toward a group standard is called, Research participants believed that the Ash conformity test involved a study of, Alex thinks smoking is addictive but other players on his hockey team insist that it's not. Confirmation bias occurs from the direct influence of desire on beliefs. d. oxytocin. Cindy's reaction best illustrates, People's physical attractiveness is unrelated to their, In an experiment by Dutton and Aron, one group of men were asked by an attractive woman to complete a short questionnaire immediately after they had crossed a swaying footbridge suspended 230 feet above the Capilano River. Attitude change path in which interested people focus on the arguments, facts and respond with favorable thoughts. Black people tend to dress pretty much alike. b. the foot-in-the-door-phenomenon. The larger issue, however, is that own-group preference often results in liking other groups less. This way of perceiving and making . Explanation: It is not true that narcissism is the tendency to view one's own culture or group as superior to others. The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. Peter Principle: The Peter Principle is an observation that the tendency in most organizational hierarchies , such as that of a corporation, is for every employee to rise in the hierarchy through . Thus, those high inSDO see groups as battling each other for these resources, with winners at the top of the social hierarchy and losers at the bottom (see Table 1). Female 3: But you know your kid better than anybody else and if you think he's acting different than usual, Male 1: acting really down, crying all the time for no good . Reduction in feelings of personal burden in the presence of others. Like the guard at night saying: Who goes there, friend or foe? If the other group has good, cooperative intentions, we view them as warm and often consider them part of our side. However, if the other group is cold, we often view them as a threat and treat them accordingly. Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation. self-worth. In other words, ingroup bias denotes positive feelings towards one's ingroup, while outgroup bias denotes negative feelings towards outgroups. "learners" received painful electric shocks even if they had heart problems. RWA respects group unity over individual preferences, wanting to maintain group values in the face of differing opinions. a. human aggression is an unlearned instinct. refers to the tendency to view the world through ones own cultural C) selective perception. Whereas SDO emphasizes potential economic conflicts, RWA focuses on value conflicts. Categories, then, are becoming more and more uncertain, unclear, volatile, and complex (Bodenhausen & Peery, 2009). . Research on gender attitudes conducted by Alice Eagly and her associates (1991) and Geoffrey Haddock and Mark Zanna (1994) suggests: Greenwald and his colleagues (2003) asked both Black and White participants to press a "shoot" button when the target appeared to be holding a gun rather than a harmless object such as a flashlight. Examined the impact of obedience to authority with his controversial Shock experiment. Influence (conforming) resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval. In the context of the relationship between religion and racial prejudice, if one defines religiousness as church membership, then the more religious people have ________. d. father care. Female 2: I can be hard to figure out Male 2: and I like my privacy. Raised in a society that places a premium on individual achievement and uniqueness, Americans seem to develop a tendency to focus on the characteristics of the individual in making attributions. These two simple dimensionswarmth and competencetogether map how groups relate to each other in society. Tajfel (1979) proposed that the groups (e.g. Two months before the 2018 midterms, President Trump had a 40% job approval rating. One example of ratee bias is egocentric bias, which is best described as the tendency to: a. evaluate one; The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others is: A) consistency. The tendency to favor ones own cultural group over other groups is known as A) elitism . The scale, from Luhtanen and Crocker (1992), is shown in Table 12.2 "The Collective Self-Esteem Scale". To illustrate this pattern, we turn to two ideologies related to bias. The change in Raul's behavior best illustrates the impact of, A culture that promotes individualism is most likely to encourage, Participants in the Milgram obedience studies were ordered to, Deliver electric shocks to a learner for giving incorrect answers, Most people are likely to be surprised by the results of Milgram's initial obedience experiment because, The "teachers" were more obedient than most people would have predicted. D) experience increasing attraction to novel stimuli that become more familiar. Psychology- CH. 11 intergroup relations Flashcards | Quizlet social class, family, football team etc.) Subtle biases (also called automatic or implicit biases) are unexamined and sometimes unconscious, but just as real in their consequences. They believe they have good values, rational thoughts, and strengths. We also want to know whether the members of the group are competent enough to act on their good or ill intentions. Some of the jurors commented on the rape victim's history of going out to various bars and they said she had been dressed too provocatively; in other words, "looking like that," she had asked to be assaulted. 3. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias, the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get, physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone, the principle that frustrationthe blocking of an attempt to achieve some goalcreates anger, which can generate aggression, the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them, an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship, the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined, a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it, revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others, unselfish regard for the welfare of others, the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present, the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs, an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them, an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them, a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas, a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior, mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive, shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation, Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reductiona strategy designed to decrease international tensions. It pays the utility bill during July. 1. a natural or prevailing disposition to move, proceed, or act in some direction or toward some point, end, or result.