Juniors Club focuses on PGY-1, PGY-2 and PGY-3 residents in the program. Learn more about our residents. They love to cook, go on local hikes, and do home improvement projects. The Johns Hopkins Hospital: Dermatology Rotation Having spent the first five years of her career from 2014 to 2019 at Childrens Hospital Los Angeles building a robust facial reanimation and pediatric microsurgery program, she is excited about continuing those efforts at Doernbecher Childrens Hospital. Dr. Berli is a member of the World Professional Association for Transgender Health. He gained his experience in gender surgery by working closely with Dr. Beverly Fischer and Dr. Bluebond-Langner during his time in Baltimore. Others that increase your odds of success include empathy, judgment, resilience, and grit. Clinical care on the Hoopes Service is focused on breast reconstruction, microsurgery and adult hand surgery. The program is set up to admit residents at the PGY-1 level for six years of training. Hometown:Appleton, WIUndergrad:Johns Hopkins UniversityMedical School:Johns Hopkins School of MedicineInterests:JDs interests include watching and rooting for the Green Bay Packers, working on home renovation and construction projects, and traveling. As of 2018, 100% of residents are trained in this program. Maxillofacial surgery by Dr. Stephen Baker who specializes in reconstructive and aesthetic facial surgery including genioplasty, rhinoplasty, orthognathic surgery, facial asymmetry, facial trauma, facial reshaping and skeletal components of facial rejuvenation. The training rotations fulfill the requirements of the plastic surgery residency review committee. Their work with voluntary faculty gives residents increased exposure to ethical practice, outpatient safety and the business side of plastic surgery. Prospective Appplicants PGY-1 Madeleine Bruce, MD Carole Spake, MD PGY-2 Ronald Akiki, MD Nikhil Sobti, MD PGY-3 They leave the program highly capable surgeons, refined in mind and character, ready to master every responsibility of patient care, scholarship, and leadership. University of Maryland/Shock Trauma/Baltimore VA Rotation Plastic Surgery Residents Expand All Integrated Program Independent Program Expand All Residency Program Resident Life How to Apply Residents Rotation Schedules Didactic Conferences and Curriculum International Opportunities Subinternship: In Person Successful completion of these ACGME or ADA accredited programs fulfills the prerequisite training requirement. McLean, VA 22101, 111 Michigan Avenue NW The combined program provides resident rotation experiences at all of the major teaching hospitals in the Baltimore area (Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, the Johns Hopkins Hospital, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, and the Baltimore VA Medical Center). The student learns the nature and scope of plastic surgery, with emphasis on both reconstruction and aesthetics. Hometown:Cupertino, CAUndergraduate Education:Dartmouth CollegeMaster of Public Health:Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthMedical School:Johns Hopkins School of MedicineInterests:Amy's interests include live music and theater, trying new restaurants, sampling documentaries and podcasts and travel. You can usually find him listening to music, and he even still enjoys playing saxophone in his spare time. The Plastic Surgery Residency at Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center is an integrated six-year, ACGME-accredited program that admits two residents per year. Suite 800 The Johns Hopkins Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, to The Johns Hopkins Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Main Menu. A frequently asked question: what are you looking for in the plastic surgery residency applicant? All but eight months of the six-year program are dedicated plastic surgery rotations. Columbia University Irving Medical Center. The plastic surgery residency trains outstanding clinical surgeons for productive careers in both academia and clinical practice. Senior Resident Elective Rotation Clinical timeduringthe internyear is divided betweengeneral surgery,plastic surgery,andplastic surgery-related rotations. MedStar Health's plastic and reconstructive surgery program offers the resources and expertise of a leading hospital network with the individual care and attention of a neighborhood private practice clinic. Over the past decade our graduates have pursued career paths in academic plastic surgery, undertaken additional fellowship training in craniofacial surgery, microsurgery, or hand surgery, and earned competitive private practice positions all across the United States. All applicants are expected to participate in the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP).All applicants are expected to participate in the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP). Chairman's Office DUMC Box 3704 2301 Erwin Rd. Plastic Surgery Residency and Hand Fellowship Program Coordinator(503) 494-4695kotsovos@ohsu.edu. Dr. Howells areas of interest include cleft lip and palate surgery, facial paralysis and reanimation, pediatric microvascular surgery, vascular anomalies, congenital nevi and adult craniofacial and lower extremity reconstructive surgery. Ledibabari (Millie) Ngaage, MA Cantab MB BChir (Integrated). This event provides an opportunity for the entire department to come together and celebrate the prior calendar year and our achievements. Baltimore, MD 21218, 9000 Franklin Square Dr The Johns Hopkins Hospital: Otolaryngology Rotation In accordance with AAMC recommendations, Weill Cornell Medicine tentatively plans to begin accepting applications through the AAMCs VSLO portal. University of Rochester. Medstar Center for Gender Affirmation led by Dr. Gabriel Del Corral, a microsurgeon who specializes in all aspects of gender affirmation surgery. Javascript is disabled in your web browser. Each resident gets 3 months of plastic surgery as an intern, 10 months of plastic surgery as a PGY-2 and all plastic surgery thereafter. Weill Cornell Medicine is currently following the Coalition for Physician Accountability (COPA) Working Group recommendations to ensure a safe and equitable national process for fourth year visiting rotations. MEET THE CURRENT RESIDENTS. Elective rotations may be domestic or overseas and can focus on any area of plastic surgery. Thank you for your interest in the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Residency Program at NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital's Weill Cornell and Columbia University Irving Medical Centers. The remaining time is spent focusing on plastic surgery specifically with immersive training that prioritizes early and frequent operative experience. Typically, 75 people apply. The NewYork-Presbyterian program is located in the heart of New York City's Manhattan, with access to hospital-subsidized housing in New York's famed Upper East Side, adding a quality lifestyle experience that is difficult for other training programs to match. During the mandatory research year,completedbetween the second and third clinical years, residents conductclinical and/or basic science research,butalso have the opportunity toparticipateinbio-innovation orprofessional degree programs. She's a plastic surgery resident at Larkin Community Hospital Palm Springs Campus in Hialeah, Florida. We as residents benefit from this diversity by developing a wide variety of techniques and skills. Residents enjoy the serenity of Central Park, located just a few blocks from Weill Cornell Medical Center, a vast number of cultural attractions including the Metropolitan Museum of Art, American Museum of Natural History, Guggenheim museum, and Carnegie Hall, the great playhouses of Broadway, sports at Madison Square Garden, Yankee Stadium, MetLife Stadium, and Citi Field, festivities at Times Square, and of course the famous New York City nightlife. Hours subject to change. Residents are trained in all aspects of plastic surgery including thermal injury, reconstructive surgery, microvascular reconstruction, oncologic reconstruction, head and neck reconstruction, craniofacial trauma, hand surgery, pediatric plastic surgery, cleft and craniofacial surgery, and aesthetic surgery. A resident cosmetic clinic was created at Oregon Health & Science University in 2007 to expand this experience. St. Agnes Hospital Plastic Surgery Resident (PSR) is a quarterly publication created by the editors of Plastic Surgery News and Young Plastic Surgeons Perspective specifically to meet the needs of plastic surgery residents. The specialty of plastic surgery deals with the resection, repair, replacement and reconstruction of defects of form and function of the integument its underlying anatomic systems, including the craniofacial structure, the oral pharynx, the trunk, the extremities, the breast, and the perineum including aesthetic (cosmetic) surgery of structures It can involve surgery on any part of the anatomy, except the central . The program provides experience in all of the core subject areas in the discipline of plastic and reconstructive surgery, including cosmetic surgery, hand surgery, pediatric surgery, craniofacial surgery and microsurgery. Residency Current Plastic Surgery Residents The Hansjrg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery at NYU Langone is dedicated to training today's residents to be the next generation of leading surgeons, researchers, and academics. Visit our Surgery YouTube channel to view our video library. In her free time, she enjoys travel,yoga,hiking,and exploring new neighborhoods, allpreferably in the company offriends and family. During this rotation, residents will spend two months with Michael Grant, who is board certified in plastic surgery and ophthalmology. Hometown:Niskayuna, NYUndergraduate Education:University of Southern CaliforniaMedical School:Vanderbilt University School of MedicineInterests:Patrick enjoys learning about all aspects of plastic surgery, with a particular interest in transgender, hand and aesthetic surgery. You will get a better understanding of orthognathic surgery, management of secondary cleft deformities, and the principles and approach to dentoalveolar trauma. Plastic surgery is a surgical specialty involved with both the improvement in a person's appearance and the reconstruction of facial and body tissue defects due to illness, trauma, or birth disorders. Since 2014, Dr. Berli has been a visiting physician and traveling fellow at the premier centers for transgender health: Ghent University, Belgium; Preecha Aesthetic Institute, Bangkok, Thailand; St. Peter's Andrology Centre, London, U.K.; Belgrade Center for Genital Reconstructive Surgery, Serbia; and FACIALTEAM, Marbella, Spain. On average, our residents produce at least one academic manuscript a year, with most residents graduating with multiple publications, presentations, and abstracts in prominent academic journals. Baltimore virtual tour produced by the Graduate Medical Education office at Johns Hopkins Medicine. Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center One Medical Center Drive The operative experience is focused on management of acute burn injuries and treatment of secondary deformities related to burns. Upper-level residents spend the majority of the academic year at affiliate sites and gain increased exposure to: Senior residents also receive increased individual mentoring and teaching from faculty. This rotation focuses on head-to-toe reconstruction and craniomaxillofacial trauma. The Combined Divisions of Plastic Surgery at NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital's Columbia University Irving Medical Center and Weill Cornell Medical Center offer a fully ACGME-accredited 6-year Integrated Plastic Surgery Residency Program in the heart of New York City. Typically, 300+ people apply. Hometown:Pittsburgh, PAUndergraduate Education:Princeton UniversityMedical School:Stanford University School of MedicineInterests:Chao's professionalinterests include tissue engineering and global health research. During the first three years the residents spend time both in Plastic Surgery and General Surgery. In addition, there is broad exposure to pediatric plastic surgery including burn reconstruction, pediatric hand surgery, and urogenital reconstruction. Significant time is also spent at Harlem Hospital, a thriving community health center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Hospital, a world-renown cancer center, and the Hospital for Special Surgery, the nation's top orthopedic hospital. Clinical care during this rotation is focused on primary reconstruction of post-traumatic and post-ablative deformities, as well as aesthetic surgery of the face and body. This rotation can be set up at any domestic institution or with one of our international affiliates. Hometown:Grand Rapids, MichiganUndergraduate Education:University of MichiganMedical School:University of MichiganInterests:Professionally, Chris is interested in hand surgery and bioengineering. Good starting ingredients make the job easier; our residents are doctors with the right stuff., 110 Irving St. NW We embrace a culture of selflessness, empathy, and compassion. However, there are other tracks to consider. York Memorial Hospital York, PA There is a great deal of one on one teaching with our faculty to resident ratio, and a great deal of autonomy given to our residents. Capitol Rotation The remaining twenty-two months are devoted entirely to plastic surgery with a concentration on limb salvage, upper and lower extremities, hand trauma, burn injuries, surgical critical care, and reconstructive surgery. The . Each of these outstanding facilities exposes the resident to the diverse nature of clinical disorders managed by plastic surgeons, from complex tertiary care reconstructions to a resident-run aesthetic surgery clinic. Basic sciences are covered in the didactic sessions, including lectures on pathology, pharmacology, anesthesia, anatomy, embryology, etc. Your Expert Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Team. This rotation will emphasize reconstructive and cosmetic surgery of the periorbital region, including primary and secondary orbital reconstruction, eyelid reconstruction, and facial cosmetic surgery. Lebanon Plastic Surgery Residency Dept. When you choose OU Health, you'll collaborate with our skilled plastic and reconstructive surgeons who also serve as members of the University of Oklahoma faculty and bring their hands-on fellowship specialty training and plastic surgery residency experience to your care. Applications are processed through theElectronic Residency Application Service (ERAS). The integrated training program began in 2013. The Department of Surgery recognizes the widespread existence of systemic and structural racism in our community and nation. Presentation and/or publication of their research at a national meeting or prominent journal annuallyis a requirement for graduation. ASAPS Aesthetic Fellowship withDr. Joeph Hunstad, Hunstad-Kortesis Center, Charlotte, N.C. (Biology) Loyola University, New Orleans, LA, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Champign-Urbana, and Rockford, IL, UC Irvine, Orange, CA and City of Hope, National Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, University of Texas, Southwestern, Dallas, TX, (Biology) Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, Microsurgery, University of Texas, Southwestern, Dallas, TX, (Italian) University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX. This is a full-day program with a dinner reception at the historic Maryland Club. Hometown:Austin, TXUndergraduate Education:Northwestern UniversityMedical School:New York Medical CollegeInterests:Eric enjoys learning about all areas of plastic surgery. He is spending his lab year as MD Fellow with BridgeBio working on drug development for rare diseases. Graduates of schools of medicine from countries other than the United States or Canada must present evidence of final certification by theEducation Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG). Outside of medicine, Kristen enjoys traveling, live music and theater, baking, college football, and spending time with her family. Our residents are trained in a full range of plastic surgical procedures, including: Our residents graduate with a breadth of career options and specialized expertise that allows them to be successful in the field. During this rotation blocks, residents focus solely on hand and upper extremity reconstruction and free tissue transfer. The clinical focus is adult and pediatric craniofacial surgery including cleft lip/palate, cranial vault procedures, orthognathic surgery, facial reanimation and traumatic injuries. This sub-specialty clerkship for third-year medical students is directed by Karen Kim Evans, MD. Our program fulfills all of the ACGME's Resident Review Committee (RRC) requirements for residency training. For additional information, please contact: Each resident gets 3 months of plastic surgery as an intern, 10 months of plastic surgery as a PGY-2 and all plastic surgery thereafter. During the otolaryngology rotation, residents will be exposed to facial aesthetic surgery and head and neck reconstruction. It is available for residents who have satisfactorily completed a formal training program (and are board admissible or certified) in general surgery, otolaryngology, neurosurgery, orthopedic surgery, urology or oral and maxillofacial surgery (the latter requiring two years of general surgery training in addition to an M.D./DDS). Formerly known as the Plastic Surgery Education Network (PSEN), the ASPS Education Network (ASPS EdNet) is a centralized, interactive educational website, created by surgeons for surgeons. The Johns Hopkins Hospital: Hoopes Service Get ready to be inspired by Danielle Ward, DO! The rotation is split into general dermatology, pediatric dermatology/lasers, cosmetic dermatology (including noninvasive aesthetic procedures) and Mohs surgery. Typically, 300+ people apply. Residents with The Johns Hopkins Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery are trained to exemplify excellence in their patient care, innovative treatment procedures and cutting-edge research. Plastic surgery veterans offer advice on life after residency, Get to know ASPS President Joseph Losee, MD, How to manage your most precious commodity: time, Finger ischemia covered in Consult Corner, Program Peek reveals the University of Miami. Hours. We are internationally recognized for teaching expertise and robust research programs that shape the future of patient care. Our residents not only receive the finest possible training; they look forward to coming to work. The program admits two plastic surgeons each year. Dedicated to advancing reconstructive surgery techniques. Our current residents are listed below. The Division of Plastic Surgery programs contribute to the training of general surgery, orthopaedic surgery and otolaryngology residents in the area of reconstructive surgery, including skin grafts, flaps, burns, management and diagnosis of facial fractures, and the evaluation and treatment of hand injuries. Used by Our residents are diligently training to become the next generation of plastic surgeons. Any surgical residency is rigorous and challenging . The department offers two types of residency programs: The integrated residency program, which is accredited byACGME, is open to medical school graduates interested in specializing in plastic surgery. The magazine offers career tips, recommended journal articles, CPT coding information and practice management topics that aren't often included in a plastic surgery training program. The student participates in patient consults, outpatient clinic, inpatient and outpatient surgery, and clinical procedures. Students will be assigned to a plastic surgery service at both Weill Cornell Medicine and Columbia University Irving Medical Center, participating in all aspects of patient care in the operating room, in the hospital, and in clinic. The Shock Trauma experience is focused on repair of acute and secondary traumatic deformities, with a heavy emphasis on craniofacial and lower extremity reconstruction. The U.S. Armys Core Values make a good example: duty, respect, selfless service, honor, integrity, and personal courage. The second year is all plastic surgery except for one month on burn surgery and one month on critical care. As a junior resident, you will rotate for one month on the dermatology service at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. Four residents will match for the 2023-24 academic year. The two positions are filled through the NRMP PGY-1 match each year. The Edgerton Service is one of two primary plastic surgery services at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. What qualities predict potential? Washington D.C., 20420. National Capital Consortium Interested in applying? All trademarks are registered property of the University. COVID-19 News: Vaccine Info | In Person Visits | Virtual Visits. The Medstar Georgetown Department of Plastic Surgery is supported by 2-3 research fellows each year, a full-time biostatistician, and an economist allowing the residents to have ample support in their research endeavors as they progress through the program. Current residents and faculty members, along with the families of graduating residents and fellows, are invited to hear from selected faculty members and each of the graduates over a formal reception and dinner. The community component heavily emphasizes aesthetic surgery. They will also participate in formal teaching rounds, case presentations, and educational conferences. Senior residents on the National Capital Consortium will split their time between community surgical practices and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center. Union Memorial Hospital/Curtis National Hand Center UC San Diego 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla, CA 92093 (858) 534-2230 She is an assistant professor of plastic and reconstructive surgery and pediatric plastic surgery at OHSU and a member of the cleft and craniofacial team at Doernbecher Childrens Hospital. OU Health Physicians Plastic Surgery Clinic. New York Presbyterian Hospital (Columbia & Cornell Campus) NYU Grossman School of Medicine. If you have questions or would like to obtain more information, please emailregistrar@med.cornell.edu. A particular emphasis of this rotation is free tissue transfer for post-oncologic reconstruction. This event is generally hosted at one of the attendings or senior residents homes and is a wonderful learning opportunity. We work, grow, and care for one another as teammates. This will include supervising the junior Plastic Surgery resident, overseeing the Burn Clinic on Wednesday, organizing the schedule, and developing skills to operate and manage patients independently. Hometown:Davie, FloridaUndergraduate Education:Harvard UniversityMedical School:Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineInterests:Nima plans to pursue a fellowship in microsurgery with a particular interest in functional lower extremity reconstruction, lymphedema, and oncologic/traumatic craniofacial reconstruction. This unique event unites multiple generations of Johns Hopkins-trained plastic surgeons and introduces alumni to our current residents and fellows. PGY-5 residents are given one month of elective time to refine their interests in a particular area in anticipation of postresidency career planning (fellowships, etc.). What's advisable and sustainable after residency? Past residents have trained in Korea, Taiwan, and major U.S. institutions, The PGY-6 receives a focus month in any area of interest where additional concentration is desired prior to graduation, chief residentclinic in PGY 5 and 6 years, MedStar Georgetown General Plastics; two weeks; breast reconstruction, microsurgery, lymphedema, and aesthetic surgery, MedStar Georgetown Limb Service; one week; lower extremity wounds, microsurgery, and abdominal flaps, MedStar Washington Hospital Center General Plastics; one week; microsurgery, lymphedema, hand surgery, wound debridement,facial trauma, and body contouring, The plastic surgery program will begin reviewing applications on VSAS after match week and will offer spots on a rolling basis, Visiting students must have scored 220 or higher on USMLE Step 1 to be eligible for this rotation. Our residents get to operate with Grand Rapids Plastic Surgeons throughout the city, many with diverse backgrounds. His residency was spent in general surgery/ortho-trauma at Triemli City Hospital Zurich, in Switzerland, and in general surgery and plastic surgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland. Learn more: Vaccines, Boosters & Additional Doses | Testing | Patient Care | Visitor Guidelines | Coronavirus. permission only. Plastic surgery rotations are generally four weeks, arranged through the Georgetown School of Medicine for in-house students or through VSAS for visiting students. M-F 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. On this service, residents learn and master microsurgical skill, performing a wide array of microsurgical procedures such as breast reconstruction, lymphedema surgery, lower extremity salvage procedures. Andrew Lee gathered to mark the event. Oregon Health & Science University is dedicated to improving the health and quality of life for all Oregonians through excellence, innovation and leadership in health care, education and research. The faculty conducts interviews of applicants in March. He is also involved in transgender advocacy and improved access for facial feminization. Residents get exposure to burn care at the William Randolph Hearst Burn Center, trauma management at multiple hospitals from Manhattan to Queens, and cancer treatment at all our participating institutions. Please Enable Location Services in Your Browser Settings to Continue, Plastic Surgery Residency Programs | DCl | MedStar Health. This event is organized in coordination with senior residents who are interested in mentoring. WCMs Registrar Office will process elective offers. Johns Hopkins Hospital Edgerton Service It includes rotations in the MedStar Georgetown University Hospital general plastic surgery service and in the limb service. Listed below are the current Plastic Surgery residents in the Integrated Program. All resident graduates participate in the certification process offered by the American Board of Plastic Surgery with 100 percent of the graduates becoming board-certified over time. The VA rotation has a large volume of soft tissue reconstruction following skin cancer resection, as well as general reconstruction. The Shock-Trauma experience is focused on repair of acute and secondary traumatic deformities, with a heavy emphasis on craniofacial and lower extremity reconstruction. The programs responsibility is to help each resident develop to full potential to become an outstanding surgeon. Accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. Residency Program - Frequently Asked Questions Check out featured articles from recent issues! Any surgical residency is rigorous and challenging but our residents thrive, in a courteous, respectful, and enthusiastic training environment. If requested before 2 p.m. you will receive a response today. The VA rotation has a large volume of soft tissue reconstruction following skin cancer resection, as well as general reconstruction. The program complement is 24 residents. Each session is led by one senior resident and is focused on a specific topic pertinent to juniors consults, operative autonomy, splinting, grant writing, etc. If a major reconstructive case is going on in Baltimore, a resident in our program is participating in it. Learn More About Education Tufaro Indications Conference: Dr. Anthony Tufaro generously hosts residents and fellows at the historic Maryland Club to discuss a variety of indications topics. Senior residents discuss topics pertaining to aesthetic surgery and life as a private-practice plastic surgeon. University of Colorado, DenverPlastic Surgery Residency12631 East 17th Avenue, Mail Stop C309Aurora, CO 80045, Shared Content Block:Surgery Styles -- Social media buttons with text. OHSU is an equal opportunity affirmative action institution. PGY-5 residents are given 1 month of elective time to refine their interests in a particular area, in anticipation of post-residency career planning (fellowships, etc.). The Walter Reed component involves head-to-toe reconstruction of secondary defects from battlefield injuries and reconstruction of post-ablative defects. Confirmation by the ABPS (Evaluation of Training Form) with confirmation letter regarding the acceptability of the prerequisite training for the ABPS certification process. San Diego, CA, UC San Diego Medical School, San Diego, CA, Reconstructive Microsurgery, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA. The Johns Hopkins/University of Maryland plastic surgery residency program was created in 1989 with the merger of each institutions plastic surgery residency program, both accredited by the ACGME, under the leadership of Dr. Jack Hoopes at Johns Hopkins and Dr. Nelson Goldberg at the University of Maryland. Hometown:Cincinnati, OHUndergraduate Education:The Ohio State UniversityMedical School:University of Cincinnati College of MedicineResearch Fellowship:National Institutes of Health Medical Research Scholars ProgramInterests:Kristen is interested in pursuing a career in craniofacial and pediatric plastic surgery. The goals are to foster small-group resident-to-resident teaching in an informal setting and to promote resident camaraderie. Every year, we celebrate the achievements and training of our chief residents and fellows at the end of their training. This structured, elective rotation allows chief residents to spend two months focused on one of four core areas of plastic surgery: general reconstruction, aesthetic surgery, craniomaxillofacial surgery, or hand and lower extremity surgery.